The inhibitory effect of Selank on enkephalin-degrading enzymes as a possible mechanism of its anxiolytic activity
Zozulya AA, Kost NV, Sokolov OYu, Gabaeva MV, Grivennikov IA, Andreeva LN, Zolotarev YA, Ivanov SV, Andryushchenko AV, Myasoedov NF, Smulevich AB. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2001;131(4):315–317. View source ↗
This study combined an in vitro enzymology arm with a clinical observation arm. The authors first characterised enkephalin-degrading enzyme activity in the plasma of patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia (DSM-IV criteria), reporting a shortened enkephalin half-life and reduced total enkephalinase activity in the generalized-anxiety cohort relative to controls. The heptapeptide Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) then dose-dependently inhibited enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma enkephalin in vitro, with an IC50 of approximately 15 μM, and was more potent in this assay than the reference peptidase inhibitors bacitracin and puromycin. The authors propose that Selank's reported anxiolytic activity may be linked to its inhibition of enkephalin breakdown, allowing endogenous enkephalin signalling to persist longer in plasma.
The body naturally makes small molecules called enkephalins that help dampen stress signals. Enzymes in the blood break these enkephalins down quickly. The researchers showed that, in test-tube experiments, Selank slows those breakdown enzymes — making it more effective than two well-known reference inhibitors. They also noted that patients with generalized anxiety had unusually fast enkephalin breakdown to begin with. The proposal: Selank may help keep the body's own calming signals around for longer, rather than acting like a sedative.
